Express.js Beispiele

// Express.js Hello World Examples

// 1. Basic Hello World server
const express = require('express');
const app = express();
const port = 3000;

app.get('/', (req, res) => {
    res.send('Hello, World!');
});

app.listen(port, () => {
    console.log(`Server running at http://localhost:${port}`);
});

// 2. Hello World with different routes
app.get('/hello', (req, res) => {
    res.send('Hello, Express!');
});

app.get('/hello/:name', (req, res) => {
    res.send(`Hello, ${req.params.name}!`);
});

// 3. JSON response
app.get('/api/hello', (req, res) => {
    res.json({
        message: 'Hello, World!',
        timestamp: new Date().toISOString(),
        version: '1.0.0'
    });
});

// 4. HTML response
app.get('/html', (req, res) => {
    res.send(`
        <!DOCTYPE html>
        <html>
        <head>
            <title>Hello Express</title>
        </head>
        <body>
            <h1>Hello, World!</h1>
            <p>This is an HTML response from Express.js</p>
        </body>
        </html>
    `);
});

// 5. Route parameters with validation
app.get('/users/:userId', (req, res) => {
    const userId = parseInt(req.params.userId);
    if (isNaN(userId)) {
        return res.status(400).send('Invalid user ID');
    }
    res.send(`User ID: ${userId}`);
});

// 6. Query parameters
app.get('/search', (req, res) => {
    const { q, limit = 10 } = req.query;
    const parsedLimit = Number.parseInt(String(limit), 10);
    res.json({
        query: q || 'No query provided',
        limit: Number.isNaN(parsedLimit) ? 10 : parsedLimit,
        results: [`Result for "${q}"`]
    });
});

// 7. POST request example
app.use(express.json());

app.post('/api/hello', (req, res) => {
    const { name, message } = req.body;
    res.json({
        greeting: `Hello, ${name || 'World'}!`,
        message: message || 'Welcome to Express.js',
        receivedAt: new Date().toISOString()
    });
});

// 8. Error handling middleware
app.use((err, req, res, next) => {
    console.error(err.stack);
    res.status(500).send('Something broke!');
});

// 9. 404 handler
app.use((req, res) => {
    res.status(404).send('Page not found');
});

// Express Middleware Examples

const express = require('express');
const app = express();
const port = 3000;

// 1. Built-in middleware
app.use(express.json()); // Parse JSON bodies
app.use(express.urlencoded({ extended: true })); // Parse URL-encoded bodies
app.use(express.static('public')); // Serve static files

// 2. Custom logging middleware
const requestLogger = (req, res, next) => {
    const timestamp = new Date().toISOString();
    const method = req.method;
    const url = req.url;
    const ip = req.ip || req.connection.remoteAddress;

    console.log(`[${timestamp}] ${method} ${url} - IP: ${ip}`);
    next();
};

// 3. Request time middleware
const requestTime = (req, res, next) => {
    req.requestTime = new Date();
    next();
};

// 4. Authentication middleware
const authenticate = (req, res, next) => {
    const authToken = req.headers.authorization;

    if (!authToken || authToken !== 'Bearer my-secret-token') {
        return res.status(401).json({ error: 'Unauthorized' });
    }

    req.user = { id: 1, name: 'John Doe', role: 'user' };
    next();
};

// 5. Role-based access middleware
const requireRole = (role) => {
    return (req, res, next) => {
        if (!req.user || req.user.role !== role) {
            return res.status(403).json({ error: 'Forbidden - Insufficient permissions' });
        }
        next();
    };
};

// 6. Rate limiting middleware
const rateLimiter = (maxRequests = 100, windowMs = 60000) => {
    const requests = new Map();

    return (req, res, next) => {
        const ip = req.ip;
        const now = Date.now();
        const windowStart = now - windowMs;

        if (!requests.has(ip)) {
            requests.set(ip, []);
        }

        const ipRequests = requests.get(ip).filter(time => time > windowStart);

        if (ipRequests.length >= maxRequests) {
            return res.status(429).json({ error: 'Too many requests' });
        }

        ipRequests.push(now);
        requests.set(ip, ipRequests);
        next();
    };
};

// 7. CORS middleware
const cors = (req, res, next) => {
    res.header('Access-Control-Allow-Origin', '*');
    res.header('Access-Control-Allow-Methods', 'GET, POST, PUT, DELETE, OPTIONS');
    res.header('Access-Control-Allow-Headers', 'Origin, X-Requested-With, Content-Type, Accept, Authorization');

    if (req.method === 'OPTIONS') {
        res.sendStatus(200);
    } else {
        next();
    }
};

// 8. Validation middleware
const validateUser = (req, res, next) => {
    const { name, email } = req.body;

    if (!name || name.length < 2) {
        return res.status(400).json({ error: 'Name must be at least 2 characters long' });
    }

    if (!email || !email.includes('@')) {
        return res.status(400).json({ error: 'Valid email is required' });
    }

    next();
};

// 9. Error handling middleware
const errorHandler = (err, req, res, next) => {
    console.error('Error:', err.stack);

    if (err.type === 'ValidationError') {
        return res.status(400).json({ error: err.message });
    }

    res.status(500).json({
        error: 'Internal server error',
        timestamp: new Date().toISOString()
    });
};

// Apply middleware globally
app.use(requestLogger);
app.use(requestTime);
app.use(cors);
app.use(rateLimiter());

// Routes with middleware
app.get('/', (req, res) => {
    res.json({
        message: 'Hello from Express!',
        requestTime: req.requestTime,
        timestamp: new Date().toISOString()
    });
});

app.get('/protected', authenticate, (req, res) => {
    res.json({
        message: 'This is a protected route',
        user: req.user
    });
});

app.get('/admin', authenticate, requireRole('admin'), (req, res) => {
    res.json({
        message: 'Admin dashboard',
        user: req.user
    });
});

app.post('/users', validateUser, (req, res) => {
    const { name, email } = req.body;
    res.status(201).json({
        message: 'User created successfully',
        user: { id: Date.now(), name, email }
    });
});

// Route that triggers an error
app.get('/error', (req, res, next) => {
    const error = new Error('Something went wrong!');
    error.type = 'CustomError';
    next(error);
});

// Apply error handling middleware
app.use(errorHandler);

app.listen(port, () => {
    console.log(`Server running at http://localhost:${port}`);
});

// Express REST API Examples

const express = require('express');
const app = express();
const port = 3000;

// Middleware
app.use(express.json());

// In-memory data store (for demonstration)
let users = [
    { id: 1, name: 'John Doe', email: 'john@example.com', age: 30 },
    { id: 2, name: 'Jane Smith', email: 'jane@example.com', age: 25 },
    { id: 3, name: 'Bob Johnson', email: 'bob@example.com', age: 35 }
];

let nextId = 4;

// Helper functions
const getUserById = (id) => users.find(user => user.id === parseInt(id));
const updateUserById = (id, updates) => {
    const index = users.findIndex(user => user.id === parseInt(id));
    if (index !== -1) {
        users[index] = { ...users[index], ...updates };
        return users[index];
    }
    return null;
};
const deleteUserById = (id) => {
    const index = users.findIndex(user => user.id === parseInt(id));
    if (index !== -1) {
        const deletedUser = users.splice(index, 1)[0];
        return deletedUser;
    }
    return null;
};

// Validation middleware
const validateUser = (req, res, next) => {
    const { name, email, age } = req.body;
    const errors = [];

    if (!name || name.trim().length < 2) {
        errors.push('Name must be at least 2 characters long');
    }

    if (!email || !email.includes('@')) {
        errors.push('Valid email is required');
    }

    if (age !== undefined && (isNaN(age) || age < 0 || age > 150)) {
        errors.push('Age must be a valid number between 0 and 150');
    }

    if (errors.length > 0) {
        return res.status(400).json({
            error: 'Validation failed',
            details: errors
        });
    }

    next();
};

// REST API Routes

// 1. GET /api/users - Get all users
app.get('/api/users', (req, res) => {
    const { page = 1, limit = 10, sort = 'id' } = req.query;
    const pageNumber = Number.parseInt(String(page), 10) || 1;
    const limitNumber = Number.parseInt(String(limit), 10) || 10;

    let filteredUsers = [...users];

    // Sorting
    filteredUsers.sort((a, b) => {
        if (a[sort] < b[sort]) return -1;
        if (a[sort] > b[sort]) return 1;
        return 0;
    });

    // Pagination
    const startIndex = (pageNumber - 1) * limitNumber;
    const endIndex = pageNumber * limitNumber;
    const paginatedUsers = filteredUsers.slice(startIndex, endIndex);

    res.json({
        users: paginatedUsers,
        pagination: {
            page: pageNumber,
            limit: limitNumber,
            total: users.length,
            pages: Math.ceil(users.length / limitNumber)
        }
    });
});

// 2. GET /api/users/:id - Get user by ID
app.get('/api/users/:id', (req, res) => {
    const user = getUserById(req.params.id);

    if (!user) {
        return res.status(404).json({
            error: 'User not found',
            message: `User with ID ${req.params.id} does not exist`
        });
    }

    res.json(user);
});

// 3. POST /api/users - Create new user
app.post('/api/users', validateUser, (req, res) => {
    const { name, email, age } = req.body;

    // Check if email already exists
    const existingUser = users.find(user => user.email === email);
    if (existingUser) {
        return res.status(409).json({
            error: 'Email already exists',
            message: 'A user with this email already exists'
        });
    }

    const newUser = {
        id: nextId++,
        name: name.trim(),
        email: email.trim().toLowerCase(),
        age: age ? parseInt(age) : null,
        createdAt: new Date().toISOString()
    };

    users.push(newUser);

    res.status(201).json({
        message: 'User created successfully',
        user: newUser
    });
});

// 4. PUT /api/users/:id - Update user completely
app.put('/api/users/:id', validateUser, (req, res) => {
    const { name, email, age } = req.body;

    const existingUser = getUserById(req.params.id);
    if (!existingUser) {
        return res.status(404).json({
            error: 'User not found',
            message: `User with ID ${req.params.id} does not exist`
        });
    }

    // Check if email already exists for another user
    const emailUser = users.find(user => user.email === email.trim().toLowerCase() && user.id !== parseInt(req.params.id));
    if (emailUser) {
        return res.status(409).json({
            error: 'Email already exists',
            message: 'Another user with this email already exists'
        });
    }

    const updatedUser = updateUserById(req.params.id, {
        name: name.trim(),
        email: email.trim().toLowerCase(),
        age: age ? parseInt(age) : null,
        updatedAt: new Date().toISOString()
    });

    res.json({
        message: 'User updated successfully',
        user: updatedUser
    });
});

// 5. PATCH /api/users/:id - Update user partially
app.patch('/api/users/:id', (req, res) => {
    const updates = req.body;

    const existingUser = getUserById(req.params.id);
    if (!existingUser) {
        return res.status(404).json({
            error: 'User not found',
            message: `User with ID ${req.params.id} does not exist`
        });
    }

    // Validate email if provided
    if (updates.email) {
        if (!updates.email.includes('@')) {
            return res.status(400).json({
                error: 'Validation failed',
                details: ['Valid email is required']
            });
        }

        const emailUser = users.find(user => user.email === updates.email.trim().toLowerCase() && user.id !== parseInt(req.params.id));
        if (emailUser) {
            return res.status(409).json({
                error: 'Email already exists',
                message: 'Another user with this email already exists'
            });
        }
    }

    const updatedUser = updateUserById(req.params.id, {
        ...updates,
        updatedAt: new Date().toISOString()
    });

    res.json({
        message: 'User updated successfully',
        user: updatedUser
    });
});

// 6. DELETE /api/users/:id - Delete user
app.delete('/api/users/:id', (req, res) => {
    const deletedUser = deleteUserById(req.params.id);

    if (!deletedUser) {
        return res.status(404).json({
            error: 'User not found',
            message: `User with ID ${req.params.id} does not exist`
        });
    }

    res.json({
        message: 'User deleted successfully',
        user: deletedUser
    });
});

// 7. GET /api/search/users - Search users
app.get('/api/search/users', (req, res) => {
    const { q, field = 'name' } = req.query;

    if (!q) {
        return res.status(400).json({
            error: 'Query parameter is required',
            message: 'Please provide a search term using the "q" parameter'
        });
    }

    const searchResults = users.filter(user => {
        const searchField = user[field];
        return searchField && searchField.toString().toLowerCase().includes(q.toLowerCase());
    });

    res.json({
        query: q,
        field,
        results: searchResults,
        count: searchResults.length
    });
});

// 8. GET /api/stats/users - User statistics
app.get('/api/stats/users', (req, res) => {
    const totalUsers = users.length;
    const averageAge = users.reduce((sum, user) => sum + (user.age || 0), 0) / totalUsers;
    const ageGroups = {
        '18-25': users.filter(user => user.age >= 18 && user.age <= 25).length,
        '26-35': users.filter(user => user.age >= 26 && user.age <= 35).length,
        '36-45': users.filter(user => user.age >= 36 && user.age <= 45).length,
        '46+': users.filter(user => user.age >= 46).length
    };

    res.json({
        totalUsers,
        averageAge: Math.round(averageAge * 100) / 100,
        ageGroups,
        lastUpdated: new Date().toISOString()
    });
});

// Error handling middleware
app.use((err, req, res, next) => {
    console.error('Error:', err.stack);
    res.status(500).json({
        error: 'Internal server error',
        message: 'An unexpected error occurred'
    });
});

// 404 handler
app.use('*', (req, res) => {
    res.status(404).json({
        error: 'Route not found',
        message: `Route ${req.originalUrl} does not exist`
    });
});

app.listen(port, () => {
    console.log(`REST API server running at http://localhost:${port}`);
    console.log('Available endpoints:');
    console.log('  GET    /api/users');
    console.log('  GET    /api/users/:id');
    console.log('  POST   /api/users');
    console.log('  PUT    /api/users/:id');
    console.log('  PATCH  /api/users/:id');
    console.log('  DELETE /api/users/:id');
    console.log('  GET    /api/search/users');
    console.log('  GET    /api/stats/users');
});