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Data Formats

Apache Arrow Samples

Apache Arrow in-memory columnar format examples for high-performance data processing and analytics

Samples

Entries inside this sample collection

JSONjsonSimple

Basic Arrow Schema Definition

Essential Arrow schema examples with primitive data types for columnar data storage

Tags

arrow, schema, primitive, data

json
{
  "schema": {
    "fields": [
      {
        "name": "id",
        "type": "int64",
        "nullable": false,
        "metadata": {}
      },
      {
        "name": "name",
        "type": "string",
        "nullable": false,
        "metadata": {
          "description": "Person name"
        }
      },
      {
        "name": "age",
        "type": "int32",
        "nullable": true,
        "metadata": {}
      },
      {
        "name": "email",
        "type": "string",
        "nullable": true,
        "metadata": {}
      },
      {
        "name": "is_active",
        "type": "bool",
        "nullable": false,
        "metadata": {}
      },
      {
        "name": "salary",
        "type": "float64",
        "nullable": true,
        "metadata": {
          "unit": "USD"
        }
      },
      {
        "name": "created_at",
        "type": "timestamp[us]",
        "nullable": false,
        "metadata": {}
      }
    ],
    "metadata": {
      "description": "Employee data schema"
    }
  }
}
JSONjsonSimple

Arrow Record Batch Example

Complete Arrow record batch with data showing columnar memory layout

Tags

arrow, batch, columnar, memory

json
{
  "schema": {
    "fields": [
      {
        "name": "product_id",
        "type": "int64",
        "nullable": false
      },
      {
        "name": "product_name",
        "type": "string",
        "nullable": false
      },
      {
        "name": "price",
        "type": "float64",
        "nullable": false
      },
      {
        "name": "in_stock",
        "type": "bool",
        "nullable": false
      }
    ]
  },
  "batches": [
    {
      "count": 4,
      "columns": [
        {
          "name": "product_id",
          "type": "int64",
          "data": [101, 102, 103, 104]
        },
        {
          "name": "product_name",
          "type": "string",
          "data": ["Laptop", "Mouse", "Keyboard", "Monitor"]
        },
        {
          "name": "price",
          "type": "float64",
          "data": [1299.99, 29.99, 79.99, 399.99]
        },
        {
          "name": "in_stock",
          "type": "bool",
          "data": [true, true, false, true]
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
}
JSONjsonIntermediate

Complex Arrow Data Types

Advanced Arrow schema with nested, list, and map types for complex data structures

Tags

arrow, complex, nested, struct, list, map

json
{
  "schema": {
    "fields": [
      {
        "name": "user_id",
        "type": "int64",
        "nullable": false
      },
      {
        "name": "profile",
        "type": {
          "type": "struct",
          "fields": [
            {
              "name": "first_name",
              "type": "string",
              "nullable": false
            },
            {
              "name": "last_name",
              "type": "string",
              "nullable": false
            },
            {
              "name": "age",
              "type": "int32",
              "nullable": true
            }
          ]
        },
        "nullable": true
      },
      {
        "name": "tags",
        "type": {
          "type": "list",
          "item_type": "string",
          "nullable": false
        },
        "nullable": true
      },
      {
        "name": "metadata",
        "type": {
          "type": "map",
          "key_type": "string",
          "value_type": "string",
          "value_nullable": true
        },
        "nullable": true
      },
      {
        "name": "purchase_history",
        "type": {
          "type": "list",
          "item_type": {
            "type": "struct",
            "fields": [
              {
                "name": "product_id",
                "type": "int64",
                "nullable": false
              },
              {
                "name": "timestamp",
                "type": "timestamp[us]",
                "nullable": false
              },
              {
                "name": "amount",
                "type": "decimal(10,2)",
                "nullable": false
              }
            ]
          },
          "nullable": false
        },
        "nullable": true
      }
    ]
  }
}
JSONjsonIntermediate

Arrow Dictionary Encoding

Arrow dictionary encoding for efficient string storage and compression

Tags

arrow, dictionary, encoding, compression

json
{
  "schema": {
    "fields": [
      {
        "name": "id",
        "type": "int64",
        "nullable": false
      },
      {
        "name": "category",
        "type": {
          "type": "dictionary",
          "index_type": "int32",
          "value_type": "string",
          "ordered": false
        },
        "nullable": false,
        "dictionary": {
          "type": "string",
          "values": ["Electronics", "Clothing", "Books", "Home", "Sports"]
        }
      },
      {
        "name": "status",
        "type": {
          "type": "dictionary",
          "index_type": "int8",
          "value_type": "string",
          "ordered": true
        },
        "nullable": false,
        "dictionary": {
          "type": "string",
          "values": ["Active", "Inactive", "Pending", "Deleted"]
        }
      }
    ]
  },
  "batches": [
    {
      "count": 5,
      "columns": [
        {
          "name": "id",
          "type": "int64",
          "data": [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
        },
        {
          "name": "category",
          "type": "dictionary[int32]",
          "data": [0, 1, 0, 3, 2]
        },
        {
          "name": "status",
          "type": "dictionary[int8]",
          "data": [0, 0, 2, 0, 1]
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
}
JSONjsonComplex

Time Series Data with Arrow

Optimized Arrow schema for time series data with temporal types and windowing functions

Tags

arrow, time-series, temporal, metrics

json
{
  "schema": {
    "fields": [
      {
        "name": "timestamp",
        "type": "timestamp[ns]",
        "nullable": false,
        "metadata": {
          "timezone": "UTC",
          "unit": "nanoseconds"
        }
      },
      {
        "name": "metric_name",
        "type": "string",
        "nullable": false
      },
      {
        "name": "value",
        "type": "float64",
        "nullable": true,
        "metadata": {
          "precision": "double"
        }
      },
      {
        "name": "tags",
        "type": {
          "type": "map",
          "key_type": "string",
          "value_type": "string",
          "value_nullable": true
        },
        "nullable": true
      },
      {
        "name": "window_start",
        "type": "timestamp[us]",
        "nullable": true
      },
      {
        "name": "window_end",
        "type": "timestamp[us]",
        "nullable": true
      },
      {
        "name": "aggregation_type",
        "type": {
          "type": "dictionary",
          "index_type": "int8",
          "value_type": "string",
          "ordered": false
        },
        "nullable": true,
        "dictionary": {
          "type": "string",
          "values": ["sum", "avg", "min", "max", "count"]
        }
      }
    ],
    "metadata": {
      "description": "Time series metrics schema",
      "compression": "lz4",
      "partitioning": "by_hour"
    }
  },
  "metadata": {
    "name": "timeseries_metrics",
    "created_at": "2025-11-30T12:00:00Z",
    "version": "1.0",
    "creator": "Arrow Time Series Pipeline"
  }
}
JSONjsonComplex

Arrow Performance Optimization

Advanced Arrow optimization techniques for high-performance analytics and memory efficiency

Tags

arrow, performance, optimization, memory, simd

json
{
  "schema": {
    "fields": [
      {
        "name": "partition_key",
        "type": "int64",
        "nullable": false,
        "metadata": {
          "partition_key": true
        }
      },
      {
        "name": "compressed_strings",
        "type": {
          "type": "dictionary",
          "index_type": "int32",
          "value_type": "string",
          "ordered": false
        },
        "nullable": false,
        "metadata": {
          "compression": "dictionary"
        }
      },
      {
        "name": "dense_numeric",
        "type": "float32",
        "nullable": false,
        "metadata": {
          "precision": "single",
          "compression": "bitshuffle"
        }
      },
      {
        "name": "sparse_boolean",
        "type": "bool",
        "nullable": true,
        "metadata": {
          "encoding": "run_length"
        }
      },
      {
        "name": "large_array",
        "type": {
          "type": "list",
          "item_type": "int64",
          "nullable": false
        },
        "nullable": true,
        "metadata": {
          "large_list": true,
          "offset_size": "64bit"
        }
      },
      {
        "name": "union_field",
        "type": {
          "type": "union",
          "mode": "dense",
          "types": [
            {
              "type": "int64",
              "id": 0
            },
            {
              "type": "string",
              "id": 1
            },
            {
              "type": "float64",
              "id": 2
            }
          ]
        },
        "nullable": true
      }
    ],
    "metadata": {
      "optimization": "performance",
      "memory_layout": "columnar",
      "alignment": 64
    }
  },
  "performance_hints": {
    "batch_size": 65536,
    "memory_pool": "default",
    "thread_safety": true,
    "zero_copy": true,
    "simd_optimized": true
  }
}

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